Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
the ligament, located in the center of the knee, that controls rotation and forward movement of the tibia (shin bone)
Arthritis
inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and sometimes change in structure
Arthrogram
an x-ray to view bone structures following an injection of a contrast fluid into a joint area. When the fluid leaks into an area that it does not belong, disease or injury may be considered, as a leak would provide evidence of a tear, opening or blockage
Arthroscopy
a minimally-invasive diagnostic and treatment procedure used for conditions of a joint. This procedure uses a small, lighted optic tube (arthroscope) which is inserted into the joint through a small incision in the joint. Images of the inside of the joint are projected onto a screen; used to evaluate any degenerative and/or arthritic changes in the joint; to detect bone diseases and tumors; to determine the cause of bone pain and inflammation
Bursa
a sac filled with fluid between a bone and a tendon or muscle
Bursitis
repeated small stresses and overuse that cause the bursa to swell and become irritated
Bunion
an inflammation and thickening of the bursa in the joint of the big toe
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
a condition in which the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, a narrow confined space. Since the median nerve provides sensory and motor functions to the thumb and three middle fingers, many symptoms may result
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
a condition in which the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, a narrow confined space. Since the median nerve provides sensory and motor functions to the thumb and three middle fingers, many symptoms may result
Cartliage
a smooth material that covers bone ends of a joint to cushion the bone and allow the joint to move easily without pain
Cast
a cast holds a broken bone in place as it heals, prevents, or decreases muscle contractions, or provides immobilization, especially after surgery. Casts immobilize the joint above and the joint below the area that is to be kept straight and without motion
CAT Scan
a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general x-rays
Contusion
bruise
Dislocation
a dislocation occurs when extreme force is put on a ligament causing the two bone ends to separate. Dislocations can also affect a joint, the point where two or more bones come together. The joint is created as a “ball-and-socket”. A dislocated joint causes the head of the bone (ball) to partially or completely come out of the socket
Electromyogram (EMG)
a test to evaluate nerve and muscle function
Femur
thighbone
Fracture
a break in a bone
Ganglion Cysts
non-cancerous, fluid-filled cysts are common masses or lumps in the hand and usually found on the back of the wrist
Gout
a result of a defect in body chemistry (such as uric acid in the joint fluid), this painful condition most often attacks small joint, especially the big toe. It can usually be controlled with medication and changes in diet
Heel Spur
a bone growth on the heel bone
Humerus
the bone of the upper arm
Inflammation
a normal reaction to injury or disease, which results in swelling, pain, and stiffness
Joint
where the ends of two or more bones meet
Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow)
pain caused by damage to the tendons that bend the wrist backward away from the palm
Ligaments
a white, shiny, flexible band of fibrous tissue that binds joints together and connects various bones and cartilage
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radio frequencies, and computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body
Medial Epicondylitis (also know as golfer’s elbow, baseball elbow, suitcase elbow, or forehand tennis elbow)
pain caused by damage to the tendons that bend the wrist toward the palm
Menisci
two crescent-shaped discs of connective tissue between the bones of the knees that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lower part of the leg from the weight of the rest of the body
Musculoskeletal System
the complex system involving the body’s muscles and skeleton, and including the joints, ligaments, tendons, and nerves
Myelogram
involves the injection of a dye or contrast material into the spinal canal; a specific x-ray study that also allows careful evaluation of the spinal canal and nerve roots
Orthopaedic Surgeon (also called an Orthopaedist)
a physician who diagnoses, treats, manages the rehabilitation process, and provides prevention protocols for patients who suffer from injury or disease in any of the components of the musculoskeletal system
Orthopaedic Surgery (also called Orthopaedics)
the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the body’s musculoskeletal system
Osteoarthritis
a condition caused by wear and tear that causes inflammation of the joint, causing swelling, pain, and stiffness
Osteoporosis
a condition that develops when bone is no longer replaced as quickly as it is removed
Overuse Conditions
Overuse Conditions injuries due to minor trauma involving soft-tissue injuries - injuries that affect the bone, muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons
Patella
kneecap
Plantar Fascia
Plantar Fascia a long band of connecting tissue running from the heel to the ball of the foot
Prosthesis
an artificial body part replacement
Radius
the shorter of the two bones of the forearm
Rheumatoid Arthritis
an inflammatory disease that involves the lining of the joint (synovium). The inflammation often affects the joints of the hands and the feet and tends to occur equally on both sides of the body
R.I.C.E.
Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation
Scoliosis
a lateral, or sideways, curvature and rotation of the back bones (vertebrae), giving the appearance that a person is leaning to one side
Scoliosis
a lateral, or sideways, curvature and rotation of the back bones (vertebrae), giving the appearance that a person is leaning to one side
Shin Splints
damage to one of the two groups of muscles along the shin bone that causes pain
Soft Tissues
the ligaments, tendons, and muscles in the musculoskeletal system
Sprain
a partial or complete tear of a ligament
Strain
a partial or complete tear of a muscle or tendon
Stress Fracture
a bone injury caused by overuse
Synovial Fluid
a clear, sticky fluid that is released by the synovial membrane and acts as a lubricant for joints and tendons
Tendon
the tough cords of the tissue that connect muscles to bones
Tendonitis
an inflammation in a tendon or the tendon covering
Tibia
shin bone or larger bone of the lower leg
Trigger Finger
an irritation of the digital sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons of the finger. When the tendon sheath becomes thickened or swollen it pinches on the tendon and prevents it from gliding smoothly. In some cases, the tendon catches and then suddenly releases as though a trigger were released
Ulnar Bone
the longer of the two bones in the forearm
Ultrasound
a diagnostic technique which uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the internal organs
X-Ray
a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film
X-Ray
a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film
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